Glyphs showing kammat.a ‘mint, gold furnace’ (Te.)
Archer, fig leaf (petioles), rimless pot: kama_t.hiyo ‘archer’ (G.); kammat.a ‘mint, gold furnace’ (Te.)
Copper tablet inscriptions (pictures are appended):
m0582At m0582Bt 3358 m0587At m0587Bt 3365 Horned Archer? m0588At m0588Bt Horned archer. m1540Act m1540
Allographs of a leaf sign, ligature with crab sign [After Parpola, 1994, fig. 13.15] Thanks to Asko Parpola for the insight that the identical inscription on one side of the copper tablets points to the possibility of the glyphs on the observe side of the tablets being homonymous glyphs (what Parpola calls allographs) .
How could an archer and a ligatured fig leaf (and inlaid claws of a crab) be homonyms? Surprisingly, there are lexemes in ancient Indian languages which affirm this possibility.
The pair of fig-leaves is ligatured orthographically to represent a rim of a jar (mimicking the most frequently occurring glyph – See sign 342): kan.d. kanka ‘rim of pot’; rebus: kan.d. ‘furnace’ + kanka ‘copper metal’ . Inlaid within this ligatured glyph is a glyph showing claws.
Vikalpa (Alternative):
kamat.ha = a water-pot; kaman.d.alu = ann ascetic’s or religious student’s water-pot, kun.d.ike (Ka.lex.) kamat.hamu = a water-jar (Te.lex.) kamad.ha = pot for curds; Baladeva; face (Pkt.lex.) Could the most frequently occurring rim of jar glyph connote kamad.ha ‘pot for curds’? If so, the entire corpus frequently containing this sign may relate to the category of lexemes representing the lexical repertoire of a mint, metallurgical workshop, gold furnace: kammat.a ‘mint, gold furnace’ (Te.). It is likely that the glyph for kamad.ha ‘pot for curds’ could be the rimless pot: something like U without the handles. This is surmised, because the rimless pot is ligatured to two pincers on ligatured Sign 218.
V053, Sign 53
kamat.ha = a crab, a tortoise (G.lex.) kamat.ha = tortoise (Skt.) kamad.ha, kamat.ha, kamad.haka, kamad.haga, kamad.haya tortoise (Pkt.lex.) kamat.hamu = a tortoise; kamat.hi = a female tortoise (Te.lex.)
The archer shown on one copper tablet seems to be a synonym of the leaves ligatured with crab on another copper tablet since the inscription on the obverse of each of the tablets is identical. [cf. Parpola, 1994, fig. 13.13] This ligatured leaf + crab sign appears on two seals- one from Harappa and another from Lothal. Leaves ligatured with crab is a sign which occurs on these seals and with similar sign sequences. [cf. Parpola, 1994, fig. 13.12] An orthographic vikalpa reading of the ligatured glyph could be: kamad.ha ‘rimless pot’ (or, pot for curds) superscripted with two glyphs showing petioles of leaf, phonetically reinforced by kamar.kom ‘petioles of leaf’ and inlaid claws of crab (crab, kamat.ha). The substantive rebus is: kammat.a ‘gold furnace, mint’ (Te.)
The language in which such a synonym can be found is mleccha! Proto-Bharatiya language!
Rebus: kamat.ha_yo ‘a learned carpenter or mason, working on scientific principles’ (Santali)
kammat.a = mint, gold furnace (Te.) kamat.amu, kammat.amu = a portable furnace for melting precious metals; kammat.i_d.u = a goldsmith, a silversmith (Te.lex.) ka~pr.aut., kapr.aut. jeweller's crucible made of rags and clay (Bi.); kapr.aut.i_ wrapping in cloth with wet clay for firing chemicals or drugs, mud cement (H.)[cf. modern compounds: kapar.mit.t.i_ wrapping in cloth and clay (H.); kapad.lep id. (H.)](CDIAL 2874). kapar-mat.t.i clay and cowdung smeared on a crucible (N.)(CDIAL 2871). kampat.t.tam coinage, coin (Ta.); kammat.t.am, kammit.t.am coinage, mint (Ma.); kammat.i a coiner (Ka.)(DEDR 1236) kammat.a = coinage, mint (Ka.M.) kampat.t.a-k-ku_t.am mint; kampat.t.a-k-ka_ran- coiner; kampat.t.a- mul.ai die, coining stamp (Ta.lex.)
Glyph: kamad.ha, kamat.ha, kamad.haka, kamad.haga, kamad.haya = a type of penance (Pkt.lex.)
kamar.kom = fig leaf (Santali.lex.) kamarmar.a_ (Has.), kamar.kom (Nag.); the petiole or stalk of a leaf (Mundari.lex.) [Rebus: kamar = blacksmith (Santali)]]
kama_t.hiyo = archer (G.); ka_mat.hiyo a bowman; an archer (Skt.lex.)
Glyph: ka_mad.i_, ka_mad.um = a chip of bamboo (G.) kamat.hi_, ka_mat.hum a bow (G.); kamat.ha a tortoise, a bamboo (Skt.) ka_m.t.hi, Glyph: kamat.ha bamboo (Skt.) ka_ca bhangi pole (Kuwi); ka_njui_ (pl. ka_ska) a banghi (Kuwi); ka_sa the shaft of a ka_vr.i (Kond.aj. Kui); ka_nj carrying yoke (Kond.a); ka_nju id. (Kui.Kuwi); ka_ca, ka_ja (Skt.); ka_ca, ka_ja (Pkt.); ka_a a yoke to support burdens (Pkt.); ka_ pole with ropes hung on each end, used to carry loads on the shoulder (Ta.); ka_gad.i, ka_vad.i bamboo lath or pole provided with slings at each end for the conveyance of pitchers (Ka.); ka_nja_na_, ka_nj to carry on the shoulders (Go.); ka_vat.i pole used for carrying burdens (Ta.); ka_vu to carry on the shoulder, bear anything heavy on the arms (Ta.); ka_vu, ka_vat.i split bamboo with ropes suspended from each end for carrying burdens (Ma.); ka_vad.i id. (Tu.); ka_vat.i, ka_vad.i id. (Te.); ka_vuka, ka_vikka to carry on a pole (Ma.); ka_var.i carrying yoke (Kol.); ka_vr.i, ka_ver.i, ka_vir.(i); ka_har.i (Go.); ka_vr.i id. (Mand. Pe.); ka_vad.a id. (Pkt.); ka_vad.ia one who carries burdens with yoke (Pkt.); ka_war. carrying yoke (H.)(CDIAL 3009, 3011, 2760; DEDR 1417).ka_mat.hum [Skt. kamat.ha a bamboo] a bow (G.lex.) kamat.ha = bamboo; kambi = shoot of bamboo; karmuka = bow (Mn.); kamad.ha, kamad.haya = bamboo (Pkt.); ko_ro = bamboo poles (Bhoj.); ka_mro bamboo, lath, pieces of wood (N.); ka_mvari bamboo pole with slings at each end for carrying things (OAw.); ka~_war, ka_war., ka_war., ka_war (H.); ka_var. (G.); ka_vad. (M.); ka_vad.ia, kavva_d.ia one who carries a yoke (Pkt.); ka~_war.i_, ka~_war.iya_ (H.); ka_var.iyo (G.); ka_va_t.hi_ carrying pole (S.); ka_va_t.hyo the man who carries it (S.); ka_mar.a_, ka_mur.a_ rafters of a thatched house (Or.); ka_mr.u~ chip of bamboo; ka_mar.-kot.iyu~ = bamboo hut (G.); ka_m.t.ha_ bow (B.); ka_mt.hu~ (G.); kamt.ha_, kamt.a_ bow of bamboo or horn (M.); ka_mt.hiyo archer (G.); kaba_ri flat piece of bamboo used in smoothing an earthen image (A.); ka~_bi_t., ka~_bat., ka_~bt.i_, ka_mat., ka_mt.i_, ka_mt.hi_, ka_ma_t.hi_ split piece of bamboo etc., lath (M.)(CDIAL 2760).
Sign 342 (37) Sign 287 (88)
Copper tablets (15) Field Symbol 52 (6)
V326 V327
lo = nine (Santali) [Note the count of nine fig leaves on m0296]
loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus glomerata (Santali.lex.)
The unique superscripted ligature on Sign 327 occurs on another glyph: Sign 51.
V051 If this represents a scorpion, it could be: kamar kidin:; rebus: kamar, blacksmith (Santali) Sign 51 and Sign 327 could be allographs, both depicting the lexeme kamar ‘scorpion’, kamar ‘petiole of leaf’; rebus: kamar ‘blacksmith’ (Santali) kamar kidin a small species of scorpion; kidin, kidin kat.kom a scorpion; kidin marmar a species of centipede (Santali) Vikalpa: The glyph variant can be seen as the back of a bandicoot; kod.el = rat (Go.); rebus: kole.l 'temple, smithy' (Ko.)
m0296 Two heads of one-horned bulls with neck-rings, joined end to end (to a standard device with two rings coming out of the top part?), under a stylized tree with nine leaves. 1387
kamar.kom = fig leaf (Santali); rebus: kammat.a ‘gold furnace’ (Te.) Rebus: kamar = blacksmith (Santali)]
Substantive: lo ‘iron’ (Assamese, Bengali); loa ‘iron’ (Gypsy) Glyph: lo = nine (Santali); no = nine (B.) [Note the count of nine ‘ficus’ leaves depicted on the epigraph.]
loha lut.i = iron utensils and implements (Santali.lex.)
lauha = made of copper or iron (Gr.S'r.); metal, iron (Skt.); lo_haka_ra = coppersmith, ironsmith (Pali); lo_ha_ra = blacksmith (Pt.); lohal.a (Or.); lo_ha = metal, esp. copper or bronze (Pali); copper (VS.); loho, lo_ = metal, ore, iron (Si.)
Grapheme: damr.a m. a steer; a heifer; damkom = a bull calf (Santali)
Rebus: damr.i = copper; tamb(r)a = copper (Skt.); tamba = copper (Santali) damad.i, dammad.i = a ka_su, the fourth part of a dud.d.u or paisa (Ka.M.); damad.i_ (H.) damr.i, dambr.i = one eighth of a pice (Santali) dammid.i = pice (Te.)
Grapheme: damad.i, dammad.i = a small tambourine with gejjes (Ka.)
Substantive: dha_tu ‘mineral’ (Vedic); a mineral, metal (Santali); dha_ta id. (G.) tan.t.ava_l.am = cast iron, iron rail, girder (Ta.); tan.d.ava_l.a cast iron (Ka.)(DEDR 3050).
d.ato ‘claws or pincers (chelae) of crabs’; d.at.om to seize with the claws or pincers, as crabs, scorpions (Santali)
dat.hi, dat.i the petioles and mid-ribs of a compound leaf after the leaflets have been plucked off, stalks of certain plants, as Indian corn, after the grain has been taken off (Santali)
V136 Signs 134, 135, 136 d.a_t.o, da_t.o a plug, a cork, a stopple (G.) dauli = a weeding knife, of iron or wood (Santali.lex.) da_ule, da_uli = claw (Kon.); rebus: ka~_kr.a_ crab; ka~_gar = portable furnace (K.); kammat.a = portable furnace (Te.) coiner, mint (Ta.)
Vikalpa (Alternative)
era_ = claws of an animal that can do no harm (G.) Rebus: erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Ka.lex.)
erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) agasa_le, agasa_li, agasa_lava_d.u = a goldsmith (Te.lex.) akasa_la, agasa_la, agasa_liga, akasa_liga, agasa_le, akasa_le, akkasa_la = a gold or silver smith (Ka.lex.); akasa_like, akkasa_like = the business of a gold or silver smith; akasa_liga, akkasa_liga, agasa_liga = a gold or silver smith; akasa_le, akkasa_le = the workshop of a goldsmith; a goldsmith (Ka.lex.) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.); urukku (Ta.); urukka melting; urukku what is melted; fused metal (Ma.); urukku (Ta.Ma.); eragu = to melt; molten state, fusion; erakaddu = any cast thng; erake hoyi = to pour meltted metal into a mould, to cast (Ka.); cf. arika = rice beer (Santali.lex.) er-e = to pour any liquids; to pour (Ka.); ir-u (Ta.Ma.); ira- i_i (Ta.); er-e = to cast, as metal; to overflow, to cover with water, to bathe (Ka.); er-e, ele = pouring; fitness for being poured(Ka.lex.) erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) eh-kam any weapon made of steel (Cu_t.a_.); eh-ku steel; eh-ku-pat.utal to melt, to soften (Cilap. 15, 210, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)
era, er-a = eraka = ?nave; erako_lu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Ka.lex.)
era female, applied to women only, and generally as a mark of respect, wife; hopon era a daughter; era hopon a man’s family; manjhi era the village chief’s wife; gosae era a female Santal deity; bud.hi era an old woman; era uru wife and children; nabi era a prophetess; diku era a Hindu woman (Santali)
m0451At m0451Bt 3235 m0451At shows a ligatured leaf sign inlaid between the horns of a bovine (perhaps a heifer, ‘unicorn’). The obverse of the tablet shows an eagle glyph. kamar.kom‘petioles of leaf’; lo ‘ficus glomerata’; rebus: kammat.a ‘gold furnace, mint’ (Te.); loh ‘metal’ (Santali). eru_, aru = eagle (Akkadian/Assyrian) eruvai = a kind of kite whose head is white and whose body is brown; eagle (Ta.); eruva = eagle, kite (Ma.)(DEDR 819). Rebus: erako ‘molten cast’ (Tu.)
S. Kalyanaraman, 20 March 2005 kalyan97@gmail.com
m0587at. Obverse of a copper plate showing an inscription repeated on other copper plates.
Copper tablet inscriptions (pictures are appended):
m0582At m0582Bt 3358 m0587At m0587Bt 3365 Horned Archer? m0588At m0588Bt Horned archer. m1540Act m1540
Allographs of a leaf sign, ligature with crab sign [After Parpola, 1994, fig. 13.15] Thanks to Asko Parpola for the insight that the identical inscription on one side of the copper tablets points to the possibility of the glyphs on the observe side of the tablets being homonymous glyphs (what Parpola calls allographs) .
How could an archer and a ligatured fig leaf (and inlaid claws of a crab) be homonyms? Surprisingly, there are lexemes in ancient Indian languages which affirm this possibility.
The pair of fig-leaves is ligatured orthographically to represent a rim of a jar (mimicking the most frequently occurring glyph – See sign 342): kan.d. kanka ‘rim of pot’; rebus: kan.d. ‘furnace’ + kanka ‘copper metal’ . Inlaid within this ligatured glyph is a glyph showing claws.
Vikalpa (Alternative):
kamat.ha = a water-pot; kaman.d.alu = ann ascetic’s or religious student’s water-pot, kun.d.ike (Ka.lex.) kamat.hamu = a water-jar (Te.lex.) kamad.ha = pot for curds; Baladeva; face (Pkt.lex.) Could the most frequently occurring rim of jar glyph connote kamad.ha ‘pot for curds’? If so, the entire corpus frequently containing this sign may relate to the category of lexemes representing the lexical repertoire of a mint, metallurgical workshop, gold furnace: kammat.a ‘mint, gold furnace’ (Te.). It is likely that the glyph for kamad.ha ‘pot for curds’ could be the rimless pot: something like U without the handles. This is surmised, because the rimless pot is ligatured to two pincers on ligatured Sign 218.
V053, Sign 53
kamat.ha = a crab, a tortoise (G.lex.) kamat.ha = tortoise (Skt.) kamad.ha, kamat.ha, kamad.haka, kamad.haga, kamad.haya tortoise (Pkt.lex.) kamat.hamu = a tortoise; kamat.hi = a female tortoise (Te.lex.)
The archer shown on one copper tablet seems to be a synonym of the leaves ligatured with crab on another copper tablet since the inscription on the obverse of each of the tablets is identical. [cf. Parpola, 1994, fig. 13.13] This ligatured leaf + crab sign appears on two seals- one from Harappa and another from Lothal. Leaves ligatured with crab is a sign which occurs on these seals and with similar sign sequences. [cf. Parpola, 1994, fig. 13.12] An orthographic vikalpa reading of the ligatured glyph could be: kamad.ha ‘rimless pot’ (or, pot for curds) superscripted with two glyphs showing petioles of leaf, phonetically reinforced by kamar.kom ‘petioles of leaf’ and inlaid claws of crab (crab, kamat.ha). The substantive rebus is: kammat.a ‘gold furnace, mint’ (Te.)
The language in which such a synonym can be found is mleccha! Proto-Bharatiya language!
Rebus: kamat.ha_yo ‘a learned carpenter or mason, working on scientific principles’ (Santali)
kammat.a = mint, gold furnace (Te.) kamat.amu, kammat.amu = a portable furnace for melting precious metals; kammat.i_d.u = a goldsmith, a silversmith (Te.lex.) ka~pr.aut., kapr.aut. jeweller's crucible made of rags and clay (Bi.); kapr.aut.i_ wrapping in cloth with wet clay for firing chemicals or drugs, mud cement (H.)[cf. modern compounds: kapar.mit.t.i_ wrapping in cloth and clay (H.); kapad.lep id. (H.)](CDIAL 2874). kapar-mat.t.i clay and cowdung smeared on a crucible (N.)(CDIAL 2871). kampat.t.tam coinage, coin (Ta.); kammat.t.am, kammit.t.am coinage, mint (Ma.); kammat.i a coiner (Ka.)(DEDR 1236) kammat.a = coinage, mint (Ka.M.) kampat.t.a-k-ku_t.am mint; kampat.t.a-k-ka_ran- coiner; kampat.t.a- mul.ai die, coining stamp (Ta.lex.)
Glyph: kamad.ha, kamat.ha, kamad.haka, kamad.haga, kamad.haya = a type of penance (Pkt.lex.)
kamar.kom = fig leaf (Santali.lex.) kamarmar.a_ (Has.), kamar.kom (Nag.); the petiole or stalk of a leaf (Mundari.lex.) [Rebus: kamar = blacksmith (Santali)]]
kama_t.hiyo = archer (G.); ka_mat.hiyo a bowman; an archer (Skt.lex.)
Glyph: ka_mad.i_, ka_mad.um = a chip of bamboo (G.) kamat.hi_, ka_mat.hum a bow (G.); kamat.ha a tortoise, a bamboo (Skt.) ka_m.t.hi, Glyph: kamat.ha bamboo (Skt.) ka_ca bhangi pole (Kuwi); ka_njui_ (pl. ka_ska) a banghi (Kuwi); ka_sa the shaft of a ka_vr.i (Kond.aj. Kui); ka_nj carrying yoke (Kond.a); ka_nju id. (Kui.Kuwi); ka_ca, ka_ja (Skt.); ka_ca, ka_ja (Pkt.); ka_a a yoke to support burdens (Pkt.); ka_ pole with ropes hung on each end, used to carry loads on the shoulder (Ta.); ka_gad.i, ka_vad.i bamboo lath or pole provided with slings at each end for the conveyance of pitchers (Ka.); ka_nja_na_, ka_nj to carry on the shoulders (Go.); ka_vat.i pole used for carrying burdens (Ta.); ka_vu to carry on the shoulder, bear anything heavy on the arms (Ta.); ka_vu, ka_vat.i split bamboo with ropes suspended from each end for carrying burdens (Ma.); ka_vad.i id. (Tu.); ka_vat.i, ka_vad.i id. (Te.); ka_vuka, ka_vikka to carry on a pole (Ma.); ka_var.i carrying yoke (Kol.); ka_vr.i, ka_ver.i, ka_vir.(i); ka_har.i (Go.); ka_vr.i id. (Mand. Pe.); ka_vad.a id. (Pkt.); ka_vad.ia one who carries burdens with yoke (Pkt.); ka_war. carrying yoke (H.)(CDIAL 3009, 3011, 2760; DEDR 1417).ka_mat.hum [Skt. kamat.ha a bamboo] a bow (G.lex.) kamat.ha = bamboo; kambi = shoot of bamboo; karmuka = bow (Mn.); kamad.ha, kamad.haya = bamboo (Pkt.); ko_ro = bamboo poles (Bhoj.); ka_mro bamboo, lath, pieces of wood (N.); ka_mvari bamboo pole with slings at each end for carrying things (OAw.); ka~_war, ka_war., ka_war., ka_war (H.); ka_var. (G.); ka_vad. (M.); ka_vad.ia, kavva_d.ia one who carries a yoke (Pkt.); ka~_war.i_, ka~_war.iya_ (H.); ka_var.iyo (G.); ka_va_t.hi_ carrying pole (S.); ka_va_t.hyo the man who carries it (S.); ka_mar.a_, ka_mur.a_ rafters of a thatched house (Or.); ka_mr.u~ chip of bamboo; ka_mar.-kot.iyu~ = bamboo hut (G.); ka_m.t.ha_ bow (B.); ka_mt.hu~ (G.); kamt.ha_, kamt.a_ bow of bamboo or horn (M.); ka_mt.hiyo archer (G.); kaba_ri flat piece of bamboo used in smoothing an earthen image (A.); ka~_bi_t., ka~_bat., ka_~bt.i_, ka_mat., ka_mt.i_, ka_mt.hi_, ka_ma_t.hi_ split piece of bamboo etc., lath (M.)(CDIAL 2760).
Sign 342 (37) Sign 287 (88)
Copper tablets (15) Field Symbol 52 (6)
V326 V327
lo = nine (Santali) [Note the count of nine fig leaves on m0296]
loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus glomerata (Santali.lex.)
The unique superscripted ligature on Sign 327 occurs on another glyph: Sign 51.
V051 If this represents a scorpion, it could be: kamar kidin:; rebus: kamar, blacksmith (Santali) Sign 51 and Sign 327 could be allographs, both depicting the lexeme kamar ‘scorpion’, kamar ‘petiole of leaf’; rebus: kamar ‘blacksmith’ (Santali) kamar kidin a small species of scorpion; kidin, kidin kat.kom a scorpion; kidin marmar a species of centipede (Santali) Vikalpa: The glyph variant can be seen as the back of a bandicoot; kod.el = rat (Go.); rebus: kole.l 'temple, smithy' (Ko.)
m0296 Two heads of one-horned bulls with neck-rings, joined end to end (to a standard device with two rings coming out of the top part?), under a stylized tree with nine leaves. 1387
kamar.kom = fig leaf (Santali); rebus: kammat.a ‘gold furnace’ (Te.) Rebus: kamar = blacksmith (Santali)]
Substantive: lo ‘iron’ (Assamese, Bengali); loa ‘iron’ (Gypsy) Glyph: lo = nine (Santali); no = nine (B.) [Note the count of nine ‘ficus’ leaves depicted on the epigraph.]
loha lut.i = iron utensils and implements (Santali.lex.)
lauha = made of copper or iron (Gr.S'r.); metal, iron (Skt.); lo_haka_ra = coppersmith, ironsmith (Pali); lo_ha_ra = blacksmith (Pt.); lohal.a (Or.); lo_ha = metal, esp. copper or bronze (Pali); copper (VS.); loho, lo_ = metal, ore, iron (Si.)
Grapheme: damr.a m. a steer; a heifer; damkom = a bull calf (Santali)
Rebus: damr.i = copper; tamb(r)a = copper (Skt.); tamba = copper (Santali) damad.i, dammad.i = a ka_su, the fourth part of a dud.d.u or paisa (Ka.M.); damad.i_ (H.) damr.i, dambr.i = one eighth of a pice (Santali) dammid.i = pice (Te.)
Grapheme: damad.i, dammad.i = a small tambourine with gejjes (Ka.)
Substantive: dha_tu ‘mineral’ (Vedic); a mineral, metal (Santali); dha_ta id. (G.) tan.t.ava_l.am = cast iron, iron rail, girder (Ta.); tan.d.ava_l.a cast iron (Ka.)(DEDR 3050).
d.ato ‘claws or pincers (chelae) of crabs’; d.at.om to seize with the claws or pincers, as crabs, scorpions (Santali)
dat.hi, dat.i the petioles and mid-ribs of a compound leaf after the leaflets have been plucked off, stalks of certain plants, as Indian corn, after the grain has been taken off (Santali)
V136 Signs 134, 135, 136 d.a_t.o, da_t.o a plug, a cork, a stopple (G.) dauli = a weeding knife, of iron or wood (Santali.lex.) da_ule, da_uli = claw (Kon.); rebus: ka~_kr.a_ crab; ka~_gar = portable furnace (K.); kammat.a = portable furnace (Te.) coiner, mint (Ta.)
Vikalpa (Alternative)
era_ = claws of an animal that can do no harm (G.) Rebus: erka = ekke (Tbh. of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal); crystal (Ka.lex.)
erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) agasa_le, agasa_li, agasa_lava_d.u = a goldsmith (Te.lex.) akasa_la, agasa_la, agasa_liga, akasa_liga, agasa_le, akasa_le, akkasa_la = a gold or silver smith (Ka.lex.); akasa_like, akkasa_like = the business of a gold or silver smith; akasa_liga, akkasa_liga, agasa_liga = a gold or silver smith; akasa_le, akkasa_le = the workshop of a goldsmith; a goldsmith (Ka.lex.) eraka, er-aka = any metal infusion (Ka.Tu.); urukku (Ta.); urukka melting; urukku what is melted; fused metal (Ma.); urukku (Ta.Ma.); eragu = to melt; molten state, fusion; erakaddu = any cast thng; erake hoyi = to pour meltted metal into a mould, to cast (Ka.); cf. arika = rice beer (Santali.lex.) er-e = to pour any liquids; to pour (Ka.); ir-u (Ta.Ma.); ira- i_i (Ta.); er-e = to cast, as metal; to overflow, to cover with water, to bathe (Ka.); er-e, ele = pouring; fitness for being poured(Ka.lex.) erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) eh-kam any weapon made of steel (Cu_t.a_.); eh-ku steel; eh-ku-pat.utal to melt, to soften (Cilap. 15, 210, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)
era, er-a = eraka = ?nave; erako_lu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Ka.lex.)
era female, applied to women only, and generally as a mark of respect, wife; hopon era a daughter; era hopon a man’s family; manjhi era the village chief’s wife; gosae era a female Santal deity; bud.hi era an old woman; era uru wife and children; nabi era a prophetess; diku era a Hindu woman (Santali)
m0451At m0451Bt 3235 m0451At shows a ligatured leaf sign inlaid between the horns of a bovine (perhaps a heifer, ‘unicorn’). The obverse of the tablet shows an eagle glyph. kamar.kom‘petioles of leaf’; lo ‘ficus glomerata’; rebus: kammat.a ‘gold furnace, mint’ (Te.); loh ‘metal’ (Santali). eru_, aru = eagle (Akkadian/Assyrian) eruvai = a kind of kite whose head is white and whose body is brown; eagle (Ta.); eruva = eagle, kite (Ma.)(DEDR 819). Rebus: erako ‘molten cast’ (Tu.)
S. Kalyanaraman, 20 March 2005 kalyan97@gmail.com
m0587at. Obverse of a copper plate showing an inscription repeated on other copper plates.
posted by kalyan97 at 6:49 PM
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